Healthy gums do not bleed. If you see pink in the sink when you brush or floss, the most likely cause is early gum disease, called gingivitis. The good news is that at this stage it can be reversed.
What causes bleeding gums?
Plaque is a sticky layer of bacteria that builds up on teeth every day. If it is not removed properly, the gums around it become inflamed, red and swollen, and bleed easily. Over time plaque hardens into tartar, which brushing cannot remove.
Other things can make gums more likely to bleed:
pregnancy, because of hormonal changes
some medicines, including blood thinners
diabetes
brushing too hard or using a hard toothbrush
Smoking is worth a special mention. It reduces blood flow to the gums, so smokers often have gum disease without much bleeding. The warning sign is hidden.
What happens if it is left untreated?
Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The gum and bone that hold the teeth in place are gradually damaged, the teeth can become loose, and eventually they may be lost. Periodontitis cannot be fully reversed, but it can be controlled.
Other signs to look out for:
bad breath that does not go away
gums that have shrunk back from the teeth
teeth that feel loose or have moved
pain when chewing
What to do at home
Keep brushing, even if your gums bleed. Stopping lets more plaque build up.
Brush twice a day for two minutes with a soft or electric toothbrush.
Clean between your teeth every day with interdental brushes or floss.
Spit out after brushing rather than rinsing.
When to see us
If your gums still bleed after a week or two of careful cleaning, book a check-up. A hygienist can remove tartar that you cannot, and show you how to clean the areas you are missing. A hygiene visit is £54, or £69 with Airflow, and periodontal treatment for more advanced gum disease is £600.
Book on our dental hygiene page or call 020 8203 1599.